What is it?
The anal canal is the end part of the intestinal tract. It includes the rectum and anus. Sometimes an abnormal passage forms from the anal canal to the skin near the anus. This is called an anal fistula. Anal fistulas can also develop from the anal canal to other organs, such as the vagina or urinary tract.
How common is it?
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 50,000-100,000 new cases of fistulas every year. Obstetric fistulas are often left unaddressed in places like Africa due to a lack of obstetric care. Thankfully in the United States, fistulas are often diagnosed early and cared for appropriately.
How is it Diagnosed?
If you have symptoms like an anal fistula, your healthcare provider may refer you to a colon and rectal diseases specialist. The specialist will ask about your symptoms and your health history. The provider will look for a fistula opening near your anal door during your physical exam. They may press on the area to see if it’s sore and if pus comes out.
What is the cause of the Fistula?
An anal fistula most often happens from an anal gland that has developed a pus-filled infection (abscess). A fistula can also occur with certain conditions, such as Crohn’s disease. Or it may occur after radiation therapy for cancer. Injury to the anal canal and surgery can also cause anal fistulas.
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